“被动语态” （Passives）
🔒 登录后可标记已读- My bike was stolen 和 Someone stole my bike，同一件事，被动语态把焦点从「谁做的」换成「什么被做了」。
- 结构是 be + 过去分词，宾语变主语放句首，by + 谁做的可以省略（不知道或不重要时）。
- 常用在不知道/不想说是谁做的、想强调结果，或正式写作、新闻、科学报告里。
- 只有 be 动词的形式随时态变化（is/was/has been/will be……），过去分词本身不变。
- B1 核心语法，从现在简单式到将来式都要能套用被动结构。
重点内容
为什么用被动语态？
把重点从「谁做」转移到「什么被做了」。
- 被动：My bike was stolen. → 重点：我的自行车（不知道是谁偷的）
- 主动：Someone stole my bike. → 重点：某人
常用被动的场合：
- 不知道、不想说、或没必要说是谁做的
- 把最重要的信息放在句首
- 正式文章、科学报告、新闻
被动语态的结构
be + 过去分词（past participle），宾语变主语放句首。
Avatar | was | directed by James Cameron.
↓ ↓ ↓
主语 + be + 过去分词（+ by 谁做的）
by + 谁做的 不一定要加，不知道或不重要时可以省略：
- My flight is cancelled.（不需要说是谁取消的）
各时态的被动形式
| 时态 | 例句 | 结构 |
|---|---|---|
| 现在简单式 | Alioli is made from oil and garlic. | is/are + 过去分词 |
| 现在进行式 | The hall is being painted this week. | is/are being + 过去分词 |
| 过去简单式 | JFK was assassinated in 1963. | was/were + 过去分词 |
| 过去进行式 | The signs were being put up last week. | was/were being + 过去分词 |
| 现在完成式 | Oranges have been grown here for centuries. | has/have been + 过去分词 |
| 过去完成式 | His flat had been burgled when he got home. | had been + 过去分词 |
| 将来简单式 | The work will be finished next week. | will be + 过去分词 |
📌 只有 be 的形式随时态变化，过去分词本身不变。
例句练习
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| A lot of olive oil is produced in Italy. | 意大利生产了大量橄榄油。 |
| This book was written by Angela Davis. | 这本书是安吉拉·戴维斯写的。 |
| The suspect will be released tomorrow. | 嫌疑人明天将被释放。 |
| This product has not been tested on animals. | 这个产品未经过动物测试。 |
| The hall is being painted this week. | 大厅这周正在粉刷。 |
常见错误
❌ The car was repair yesterday. ✅ The car was repaired yesterday. （被动语态用 be + 过去分词，不是动词原形）
❌ The letter is write by my teacher. ✅ The letter was written by my teacher. （过去发生的动作用 was/were + 过去分词，write 的过去分词是 written）
❌ English is spoken by many people in the world? ✅ Is English spoken by many people in the world? （被动语态的疑问句：把 is/are/was/were 移到句首）
Sources
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